Why Did Soviet-Bloc Nations Often Have Great Difficulty Applying Their

question 32

Multiple Choice

Why did Soviet-bloc nations often have great difficulty applying their achievements in science to commercial applications?

• A) The Soviets continued to be suspicious of their satellite states' intentions and insisted on burdensome monitoring of their research and development efforts.
• B) The process of gaining bureaucratic approval for innovations was inefficient, and findings often became obsolete before they could be applied to technology.
• C) The slow but steady brain drain to the West continued with the flight of hundreds of researchers and scientists.
• D) The Soviet bloc's emphasis on heavy industry offered ambitious scientists few incentives to produce for domestic consumption.

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Definitions:

Census Family

A concept used in population census to refer to a group of people living together who are related by blood, marriage, common-law partnership, or adoption.

Family of Procreation

The family unit one creates through marriage or by having children, as opposed to the family of origin into which one is born.

Conjugal Family

A family unit formed by a married couple and their children, characterized by a legal and social recognition of their relationship.

Family of Orientation

The family into which an individual is born or adopted, contrasting with the family they may create through marriage or cohabitation (family of procreation).