Which of the following territories was under Spanish control by about 1780?
Definitions:
Within-Group Variance
The variation of observations within a single group or category, measuring how much individual scores differ from the mean of that group.
Statistical Significance
Refers to the likelihood that a result or relationship is caused by something other than mere random chance.
Sample Size
The number of participants or observations included in a study, which can affect the reliability and validity of the research findings.
True Population Value
The actual value of a parameter (e.g., mean, proportion) for the entire population being studied, which research attempts to estimate.
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