How Did the Long-Term Process Known as Secularization Affect the Study

question 63

Multiple Choice

How did the long-term process known as secularization affect the study of science and the natural world?

• A) The various branches of science (astronomy, biology, medicine, etc.) were able to develop fully and become discrete disciplines.
• B) Scientific progress was hindered, as scholars whose scientific findings seemed to contradict biblical teachings were labeled as heretics by religious officials.
• C) Religion became a matter of private conscience rather than public policy, thus allowing people to seek nonreligious explanations for natural phenomena.
• D) It created a new class of scientific elites who were supported and endorsed by religious elites for their experimental proof of Christian doctrine.

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Definitions:

Odds Ratio

A statistical measure used in epidemiology to estimate the strength of the association between an exposure and an outcome.

Case-Control Study

An observational study design used in epidemiology, where individuals with a given outcome (cases) are compared to individuals without the outcome (controls) to identify risk factors.

Obesity Status

A condition defined by an excess of body fat that may negatively impact health.

Matched Case-Control

A study design where each case (individual with the outcome of interest) is paired with one or more controls (individuals without the outcome) who share similar characteristics, improving comparison.