Attempting to Synthesize the Theories of Merton and Sutherland, Richard

question 30

Short Answer

Attempting to synthesize the theories of Merton and Sutherland, Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin developed the concept of __________.

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Definitions:

Partial-Reinforcement Schedule

A conditioning schedule in which a reward is not administered every time the desired response is performed, typically leading to slower extinction of the behavior than with continuous reinforcement.

Secondary Reinforcers

Stimuli that acquire their reinforcing properties through their association with primary reinforcers, which are inherently rewarding.

Operant Conditioning

A learning process in which the consequences of an action determine the likelihood of it being repeated.

Shaping

A method in operant conditioning by which behaviors are gradually trained or shaped by rewarding approximations of the desired behavior.