Phil Was in a Bad Automobile Accident That Left Him

question 177

Multiple Choice

Phil was in a bad automobile accident that left him with damage to the lower regions of his spine, resulting in constant discomfort and back pain. In an attempt to use non-pharmacological agents to minimize the pain, Phil has come to believes that hypnosis might do the trick. After a few sessions he finds considerable pain relief. Given your knowledge of hypnosis and pain management, what might explain the effectiveness of Phil's treatment?

• A) Phil is highly suggestive, and he expects that hypnosis will be effective at reducing his pain
• B) Phil is subject to the placebo effect
• C) The treatment has allowed Phil to subconsciously accept the pain
• D) The treatment allowed him to become more consciously aware of his body
• E) The treatment acted as a distraction, allowing him to focus less on the pain and more on his mental state

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Definitions:

Tolman

Edward Chace Tolman was a cognitive psychologist who introduced the concept of cognitive maps in learning theory.

Expectations

Beliefs or predictions about future events that can influence an individual's perception and behavior.

Drives

Internal states of tension or arousal that motivate behavior towards fulfilling specific needs or goals.

Concept

An abstract idea or a mental symbol typically associated with a comprehensive set of phenomena or characteristics.