What Is the Difference Between the Circumstances of Punishment and the Offender's

question 49

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between the circumstances of punishment and the offender's usual life?

• A) realization effect
• B) contrast effect
• C) reality effect
• D) societal effect

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Definitions:

Postformal Operational

A stage of cognitive development proposed to follow Piaget's formal operational stage, characterized by the ability to deal with complex, ambiguous, and contradictory information.

Personal Fable

A manifestation of adolescent egocentrism in which adolescents believe their thoughts, feelings, and experiences are more special and unique than anyone else’s, as well as the sense that they are invulnerable.

Imaginary Audience

A manifestation of adolescent egocentrism in which they assume that they are the focus of others’ attention.

Social Referencing

Seeking information from caregivers about how to interpret unfamiliar or ambiguous events by observing their emotional expressions and reactions.