Mower's Two-Factor Theory of Avoidance Proposes That

question 14

Multiple Choice

Mower's two-factor theory of avoidance proposes that

• A) Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning take place simultaneously; a species-specific defense reaction results when the Pavlovian contingency is learned first, and a more arbitrary, researcher-selected response results when the instrumental contingency is learned first.
• B) subjects must first experience the outcome and determine its aversive value before the removal of the aversive outcome will support the learning of an instrumental response.
• C) subjects first learn an instrumental response that prevents the aversive S^D and then learn a Pavlovian contingency that serves to produce the motivation for long-term avoidance responding.
• D) subjects first learn a Pavlovian association between a signal and the stimulus to be avoided, which then provides a mechanism for reinforcing the instrumental avoidance response.

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