In the Experiment Whose Results Are Shown Below, Animals Received

question 4

Essay

In the experiment whose results are shown below, animals received rewards for running in a runway. In three-trial sequences they received a small reward, no reward, and a big reward (rNR), or they received the same trials with the two rewards switched (RNr). As shown in the figure, the rNR condition showed a greater PREE effect (was more resistant to extinction). This result supports sequential theory because in the rNR condition a big reward is associated with a preceding N trial, whereas a small reward is associated with the preceding N trial in the RNr condition. Evaluate whether this result can be explained by the frustration hypothesis.

Understand the phenomena of memory interference and how it affects learning and recall.

Identify and explain the various phenomena affecting recall and recognition, such as the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, memory bias, and suggestibility.

Understand the concept of false memories and how they can be created.

Identify memory strategies that can improve recall and reduce forgetting.

---

Definitions:

Validation

The recognition and acceptance of another person's thoughts, feelings, sensations, and behaviors as understandable.

Formal Diagnostic Assessment

A standardized evaluation process used by clinicians to diagnose psychiatric disorders.

Case Conceptualization

A comprehensive assessment and formulation of a client's issues and challenges within the context of therapy, guiding the treatment plan and interventions.

TF-CBT

Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, a type of psychotherapy that aims to address the needs of children and adults with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other traumas.