To Test Attention, Learning, and Memory in Pigeons, Researchers Use

question 66

Multiple Choice

To test attention, learning, and memory in pigeons, researchers use the following protocol. Subjects are trained with compound stimuli (/// on a red key, + on a green key, § on a blue key, and ≡ on an orange key) ; the /// red and § blue keys are rewarded, and the + green and ≡ orange keys are not. In the second phase, subjects' reaction times are tested to brief presentations of (1) first the symbol and then the colored key, or (2) no symbol and just the colored key. The subjects' task is to respond to the rewarded key colors and not respond to nonrewarded key colors. Researchers measure reaction times and response error rates to determine if the symbol cue helped subjects respond more quickly and accurately. This task is referred to as a _______ task.

• A) divided attention
• B) delayed matching-to-sample
• C) matching-to-sample
• D) priming

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Definitions:

Emotional Labor

The process of managing feelings and expressions as part of fulfilling the emotional demands of a job role.

Fight-or-flight Response

A physiological reaction occurring in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival.

Relaxation Response

A physical state of deep rest in which one experiences a slower respiration and heart rate and lowered metabolism; a standard technique for reducing stress.

Role Underload Stress

Stress experienced when an individual has too few responsibilities or tasks, leading to feelings of underutilization or boredom.