Which Statement Is False

question 31

Multiple Choice

Which statement is false?

• A) Guthrie and Tolman claimed that instrumental learning results from contiguity of behavior and outcomes.
• B) Thorndike and Guthrie claimed that instrumental learning involves S-R associations.
• C) Tolman and Thorndike claimed that reward reduces interference from competing behaviors because it changes the situation.
• D) According to Hull, behavior is intended to reducing drive, regardless of learning.

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Definitions:

Taxi Cabs

Licensed vehicles for hire that provide passenger transport services for a fare, traditionally hailed on the street or booked in advance.

Cab Fares

Charges levied for the service of transporting individuals in taxicabs, typically based on distance traveled and time taken.

Operating Cost

Expenses associated with the day-to-day functioning of a business, such as rent, utilities, and salaries.

Subway Fares

The charges or fees paid by passengers for using the subway system for transportation.