According to Wagner's SOP Model of Conditioning, the

question 98

Multiple Choice

According to Wagner's SOP model of conditioning, the

• A) presentation of a CS or US initially activates the node to the A2 state.
• B) A2 state is the highest level of activation and lasts for a long period of time.
• C) node decays to the A1 state, which has a shorter duration than A2.
• D) association is formed only if the CS and US nodes are in the A1 state.

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Definitions:

Isthmus of Panama

A narrow strip of land connecting North and South America, significantly impacting ocean currents and global climate patterns, as well as migration of species.

Geographic Barrier

A physical or environmental feature that prevents the free movement of species, leading to genetic isolation and potentially speciation.

Allopatry

Occurs when populations are in separate, nonoverlapping geographic areas (that is, they are separated by geographic barriers to gene flow).

Horizontal Gene Transfer

The movement of genetic material between unicellular and/or multicellular organisms other than by the transmission of DNA from parent to offspring.