Based on Studies That Examine the Effectiveness of Punishment as a Specific

question 9

Multiple Choice

Based on studies that examine the effectiveness of punishment as a specific deterrent of delinquency, Agnew and Brezina conclude that punishment by the juvenile justice system:

• A) is moderately effective in reducing delinquency in general
• B) probably increases some juveniles' delinquency and reduces others' delinquency
• C) may be more effective in reducing the delinquency of females than of males
• D) is one of the better approaches currently available for reducing delinquency

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Definitions:

Carbohydrate

Organic compounds, including sugars, starches, and cellulose, made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, serving as a major source of energy for living organisms.

Deoxyribose

A sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen, forming the backbone of DNA molecules.

DNA

The molecule that carries genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms.

Metabolism

The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms, including processes for converting food to energy, constructing cellular materials, and discarding waste.