Based on Studies That Examine the Effectiveness of Punishment as a Specific

question 9

Multiple Choice

Based on studies that examine the effectiveness of punishment as a specific deterrent of delinquency, Agnew and Brezina conclude that punishment by the juvenile justice system:

• A) is moderately effective in reducing delinquency in general
• B) probably increases some juveniles' delinquency and reduces others' delinquency
• C) may be more effective in reducing the delinquency of females than of males
• D) is one of the better approaches currently available for reducing delinquency

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Definitions:

Peripheral System

Refers to the peripheral nervous system, which consists of all the nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) to the rest of the body, facilitating communication between the CNS and the limbs and organs.

Autonomic Nervous

Part of the nervous system that controls involuntary actions of the visceral muscles and internal organs, including heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate.

Brain

The central organ of the human nervous system, housed in the skull and responsible for controlling and coordinating all voluntary and involuntary activities, along with processing sensory information.

Digestion

The biological process by which food is broken down into simpler substances for the body to use as energy or building blocks.