In Cross-Sectional Research, Why Can Causality Not Be Established

question 25

Essay

In cross-sectional research, why can causality not be established?

---

Definitions:

Retained Earnings

The portion of a company's profit that is held or retained and not paid out as dividends to shareholders, used for reinvestment in the business, to pay debt, or to buy back shares.

Ending Inventory

Represents the value of goods available for sale at the close of an accounting period, calculated by adding purchases to beginning inventory and subtracting cost of goods sold.

Accounts Payable

Financial obligations or debts that a company owes to its suppliers or creditors for goods and services received but not yet paid for.

Owners' Equity

Represents the residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting liabilities, often referred to as shareholder equity.