Outline How Race and Ethnic Differences Serve as Moderating Factors

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Racial and ethnic differences serve as moderating factors when considering how families respond to the stress of interactions with law enforcement.
The history of African American individuals, families, and community interactions with law enforcement has been described as one of terror.
Community- and state-sanctioned force was used to produce a fear of behavior that violated the hierarchical racial order.
Tactics used across levels of law enforcement and militia groups ranged on a scale of severity from fatal to nonbodily injurious tactics.
These historical practices produced conditions whereby Black Americans created narratives about the extent to which (or lack thereof) law enforcement protected any rights they had or even the extent to which those agents were empathic to their humanity.
This produced family processes that ranged from using guidebooks that inform readers of locations safe to drive or be as a Black person in America (The Green Book) or "driving while black" socialization practices that warned youth of appropriate behavior during interactions with law enforcement while driving.
Race creates in this instance a contextually specific type of stress for African American families (McNeil Smith & Landor, 2018).
Considering such contexts, the fear of living in such a state has made the stress of such a negative interaction with law enforcement a chronic stressor for African American families.

Outline How Race and Ethnic Differences Serve as Moderating Factors

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