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Once Causality Is Established by Assessing the Three Primary Criteria

question 38

Essay

Once causality is established by assessing the three primary criteria for presence of the phenomenon, which two additional criteria help in strengthening the case for causality? Explain the process for applying these two criteria.

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Definitions:

Lewis Dot Structure

A diagrammatic method for representing an atom's valence electrons and the chemical bonds between atoms within a molecule.

Helium (He)

A colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert monatomic gas with the atomic number 2, making it the second lightest and second most abundant element in the observable universe.

Lewis Dot Structure

A representation of the valence electrons around atoms, indicating bonds and lone pairs in molecules.

Calcium (Ca)

A soft gray alkaline earth metal, represented by the symbol Ca, essential for living organisms, particularly in cell physiology and bone formation.

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