Which Factor Is Most Compelling of an Explanation-And Supported by Measurable

question 33

Multiple Choice

Which factor is most compelling of an explanation-and supported by measurable data-for different racial and ethnic categories of people have higher or lower average incomes?

• A) Financial affluence is more important to some groups of people, so they pursue it more energetically.
• B) Historic and contemporary patterns of racism have given some groups of people more access to opportunities than others, and even if barriers to financial success continue to fall-such as the end of slavery or the prohibition of segregation-the disparity of the past continues to influence the present.
• C) Different racial and ethnic groups have different values, and some of those values are more likely to lead to economic success.
• D) Different racial and ethnic groups have different capabilities, which results in different levels of success.

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Definitions:

Primary Reinforcer

A stimulus that is naturally rewarding and satisfies a basic biological need, such as food or water.

Stimulus Generalization

The process by which a response that has been learned to one stimulus is elicited by a different, but similar, stimulus.

Conditioned Stimulus

A previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.

Conditioned Response

A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that has become associated with an unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning.