Are Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies Good for Establishing Causality? Explain

question 42

Essay

Are cross-sectional and longitudinal studies good for establishing causality? Explain.

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Definitions:

Sound Waves

Vibrations that travel through the air or another medium and can be heard when they reach a person's or animal's ear.

Amplitude

The extent or range of a vibratory movement, measured from the position of equilibrium, commonly used to describe the magnitude of sound waves or other oscillations.

Frequency

The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time, often used in the context of waves (such as sound or light) to indicate cycles per second (Hz).

Timbre

The quality of a musical note or sound that distinguishes different types of sound production, such as voices or musical instruments.