Spuriousness Occurs When ______

question 25

Multiple Choice

Spuriousness occurs when ______.

• A) a third variable causes both the independent and dependent variable
• B) a third variable causes the dependent variable only
• C) a third variable causes the independent variable only
• D) a third is caused by both the independent and dependent variables

---

Definitions:

Par Value

Par value is a nominal value assigned to a security, such as a stock or bond, at issuance, often used to determine legal capital or accounting value rather than market value.

Stock Dividend

A payment to shareholders in the form of additional shares of stock rather than cash.

Cash Dividend

A cash dividend is a payment made by a company out of its earnings to shareholders in the form of cash.

Financial Statement

A written record, detailing a business entity's performance, financial strength, and cash flow, used by stakeholders to make informed decisions.