Who First Proposed Differential Association

question 22

Multiple Choice

Who first proposed differential association?

• A) Edwin Sutherland
• B) Travis Hirschi
• C) Walter Miller
• D) Robert Merton

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Definitions:

Opportunity Loss

The difference in value between the chosen option and the best possible option that was not chosen.

Optimal Alternative

The best or most effective option among a set of alternatives, under given conditions.

Expected Monetary Value(EMV)

A calculated average of all possible outcomes of a decision, where each outcome is weighted by its probability of occurring and its monetary impact.

Opportunity Loss Table

A table used in decision making to show the lost opportunities or costs associated with not choosing the best alternative.