The Influence of the Social Movements in Tunisia on Neighboring

question 16

Multiple Choice

The influence of the social movements in Tunisia on neighboring countries in the Middle East and North Africa in 2011 was an example of the ______ dynamics of democratic pressure.

• A) inside-out
• B) outside-in
• C) top-down
• D) bottom-up

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Definitions:

Independent Variable

In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher to observe its effects on the dependent variable.

Manipulated

Altered, controlled, or handled skillfully, often with the implication of unfairness or deceit.

Optimism

A mental attitude characterized by hope and confidence in success and a positive future.

Placebo

A harmless pill, medicine, or procedure prescribed more for the psychological benefit to the patient than for any physiological effect.