Among Threats to Internal Validity, __________ Refers to Any Physical

question 55

Multiple Choice

Among threats to internal validity, __________ refers to any physical or psychological changes taking place within participants that occur with the passing of time regardless of the experimental manipulation.

• A) history
• B) maturation
• C) testing effect
• D) instrumentation

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Definitions:

Worker Performance

The degree to which an employee accomplishes tasks and fulfills objectives efficiently and effectively, often evaluated against predetermined standards.

Maslow's Hierarchy

A theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow, organizing human needs into a five-level pyramid, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.

Physiological Needs

The basic, essential life needs such as food, water, and shelter that must be met in order for an individual to survive and function properly.

Safety Needs

The second level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, encompassing the human desire for security, safety, and physical well-being.