An Objection Commits the Ad Hominem Fallacy When

question 14

Multiple Choice

An objection commits the ad hominem fallacy when:

• A) It assumes the falsity of the target argument's conclusion as one of its premises.
• B) It appeals to the cultural views of one's homeland to criticize an argument.
• C) It uses a word or phrase from the target argument differently than the target argument does.
• D) It criticizes the person making an argument instead of the argument itself.

---

Definitions:

Reinforcement

A concept in behavioral psychology that involves the use of consequences to strengthen or increase the likelihood of a particular behavior, which can be positive (adding a desirable stimulus) or negative (removing an undesirable stimulus).

Expectancy

In psychology, it refers to the belief about the likelihood of achieving a desired outcome through specific actions.

Reinforcement Value

The subjective importance or appeal an outcome has for an individual, which can influence the likelihood of the person performing the behavior leading to that outcome.

Verbal Abusiveness

The use of words to cause harm to a person, including insults, criticisms, or threats, often resulting in psychological pain and distress.