What Is the Formula of Universal Law, as Stated in Chapter

question 81

Multiple Choice

What is the Formula of Universal Law, as stated in Chapter 11?

• A) Act only on a maxim that treats all of humanity as an end in itself.
• B) Act only on a maxim that could be universalized without leading to a contradiction in your own will.
• C) Always act so as to treat humanity, whether in your own person or someone else's, always as an end in itself and never merely as a means.
• D) Act only on maxims whose universal acceptance would have better consequences than the acceptance of any alternative maxim.

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Definitions:

Excess Capacity

The situation where a firm or economy can produce more goods or services than currently produced, indicating under-utilization of resources.

Marginal Costs

The additional cost incurred by producing one more unit of a product, which can vary as production scales.

Diseconomies of Scale

A situation where an increase in production leads to higher average costs for firms, contrary to economies of scale.

ATC

Average Total Cost, the total cost divided by the quantity of output produced; it's a measure of per-unit production cost.