Of the Following Explanations, Which Most Accurately Explains What Thomas

question 764

Multiple Choice

Of the following explanations, which most accurately explains what Thomas calls the counterfactual argument from qualifications?

• A) Affirmative action would be unnecessary because if affirmative action appointees were the most qualified candidates for a position, then they would be hired by virtue of their merits.
• B) Affirmative action would be unnecessary if being a woman or a minority itself counted as a qualification for certain jobs.
• C) Affirmative action is necessary because if there were no women or minority faculty in universities, then there would not be qualified role models for women and minority students.
• D) Affirmative action is unnecessary since knowledge is color blind and universities should pursue knowledge as their aim, even if this means a lack of diversity in their faculties.

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Definitions:

Direct Labor-Hours

The cumulative working hours of employees directly engaged in manufacturing activities.

Fixed Manufacturing Overhead

Costs in manufacturing that do not change with the level of production, such as salaries of supervisors and rent.

Job-Order Costing System

An accounting method that assigns costs to specific jobs or batches of products, capturing the direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead for each.

Predetermined Overhead Rate

A rate calculated before a period begins, used to allocate overhead costs to products or job orders based on a certain activity base, such as direct labor hours.