How Might Skillen's Account That Understands Racism as an Output-Drive

question 745

Multiple Choice

How might Skillen's account that understands racism as an output-drive concept in terms of its harmful effects explain Garcia's hypothetical case of an alien government who hates Earthlings and launches missiles at Africa?

• A) The alien government launching missiles at Africa would count as racist because it intends to hurt members of a particular race.
• B) The alien government launching missiles at Africa would not count as racist because only humans can be racist.
• C) The alien government launching missiles at Africa would not count as racist because aliens would not understand the concept of races, which is an idea constructed by humans.
• D) The alien government launching missiles at Africa would count as racist because the effects of its action disproportionately harm black people.

---

Definitions:

Arctic Warming

The phenomenon of rising temperatures in the Arctic region, leading to melting ice caps, permafrost, and changes to ecosystems.

Methane

A potent greenhouse gas with a molecular structure of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms, contributing to Earth's warming.

Carbon Dioxide

A colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration, contributing to the greenhouse effect.

UV Radiation

is ultraviolet light from the sun, which can cause sunburn and has significant implications for both human health and the environment.