Thomas Aquinas: Summa Contra Gentiles

question 29

Essay

Thomas Aquinas: Summa Contra Gentiles
Aquinas is notable for combining the metaphysics of Aristotle with the theology of Christianity. He begins with the Aristotelian idea that all human action aims at some end, and that this end is the good of action. In the case of human beings, the good at which our action aims is happiness. Our ultimate happiness must be something that we seek for its own sake, that is complete in itself, and that pertains to our intellectual nature. Aquinas argues that these constraints rule out many popular conceptions of happiness. For example, happiness cannot be pleasure, because pleasure exists for the sake of the operations of the body, and happiness is not an operation of the body. Happiness cannot be honor, glory, or wealth, for all of these things depend on external factors, and happiness is complete in itself. Moreover, happiness cannot consist of acts of the moral virtues, for such acts are directed toward external goals-courage, for example is directed toward victory in battle-but happiness is not directed toward any further end.
Aquinas endorses Aristotle's view that happiness consists in a contemplation, and contemplation of the highest object. Here Aquinas diverges from Aristotle by insisting that the highest object of contemplation is God. Aquinas concludes that the ultimate end of human action, and man's highest happiness, consists in contemplation of God, and that all human occupations should be regarded as existing for the sake of this end.
-What does Aquinas think that human happiness consists in? What argument does he provide for this view? Do you agree with him? Defend your answer.

Understand the role and importance of ethical guidelines in organizations and professions.

Identify historical figures and their contributions to civic clubs and ethical thinking.

Recognize the significance of moral behavior in personal and professional contexts.

Comprehend legislative responses to corporate ethics scandals.

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Definitions:

Alternative Technologies

Various methods or means of producing goods or services that differ from current practices, often to improve efficiency or sustainability.

Optimal Method

The best or most efficient approach to achieve a specific goal or solve a particular problem.

Production Maximizes

The process of adjusting the input of production to achieve the highest possible output level or efficiency.

Optimal Method

The most efficient way of achieving a desired outcome or solving a problem, based on current resources and conditions.