In This Famous Dialogue Philo (Who Reflects Hume's Views on the Subject)

question 4

True/False

In this famous dialogue Philo (who reflects Hume's views on the subject) gives us the classic critique of the argument from design. In the parts reproduced here, Cleanthes (the natural theologian) states the argument and asserts, "By this argument a posteriori, and by this argument alone, do we prove at once the existence of a Deity and his similarity to human mind and intelligence." Philo replies that the argument rests on an extremely weak analogy from which we can derive no more than a guess about a deity. The dissimilarities between the universe and a human-crafted machine are too great to draw the conclusion that Cleanthes seeks. We cannot, for example, draw a conclusion about the origin of the vast universe as a whole from a fact about the origin of a tiny part of the universe (a house or a ship, for instance). Furthermore, if we try to infer the nature of a Designer from facts about the natural world and human designers, we would have to conclude that the Designer may not be infinite (because the world is finite), may not be perfect (because nature is full of imperfections), and may not be single (because it is possible that the world was made by many deities).
-Philo says that for all we know, many worlds may have been botched by an inexperienced deity before the present world came into being.

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Definitions:

Myosin

A protein that, along with actin, plays a key role in muscle contraction by pulling actin filaments.

Lysosome

A membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Golgi Apparatus

A cell organelle involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins for secretion or for use within the cell.

Mitochondrion

An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, where it produces energy through respiration and regulates cellular metabolism.