In This Selection Russell First Distinguishes Between Knowledge by Acquaintance

question 12

True/False

In this selection Russell first distinguishes between knowledge by acquaintance (e.g., knowledge by appearances, such as "I seem to see a red book," "I am in pain," or "I think, therefore I am") and knowledge by description (knowledge of truths, such as your knowing that you are really seeing a red book or that your pain is caused by having twisted your ankle). Knowledge by acquaintance is generally thought to be infallible because believing it makes the proposition true. But the same is not the case for descriptive knowledge claims because your beliefs could be false. Thus, descriptive knowledge is dualistic-it has the properties of truth and falsity as opposites-whereas knowledge by acquaintance is monistic and does not admit such opposites. Russell goes on to specify the conditions for an adequate theory of truth and shows how the correspondence theory meets these conditions, whereas the coherence theory does not.
-Russell says that truth and falsehood are properties of beliefs and statements.

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Definitions:

Setup Activity

The tasks involved in preparing equipment or processes for a new production run or activity, often considered in activity-based costing.

Process Engineer

A professional who designs, implements, controls, and optimizes industrial processes, especially continuous ones within the chemical, energy, or manufacturing sectors.

Activity-Based Costing

A costing method that assigns overhead and indirect costs to specific activities, providing a more accurate reflection of the costs incurred.

Highlight

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