In This Selection Russell First Distinguishes Between Knowledge by Acquaintance

question 4

True/False

In this selection Russell first distinguishes between knowledge by acquaintance (e.g., knowledge by appearances, such as "I seem to see a red book," "I am in pain," or "I think, therefore I am") and knowledge by description (knowledge of truths, such as your knowing that you are really seeing a red book or that your pain is caused by having twisted your ankle). Knowledge by acquaintance is generally thought to be infallible because believing it makes the proposition true. But the same is not the case for descriptive knowledge claims because your beliefs could be false. Thus, descriptive knowledge is dualistic-it has the properties of truth and falsity as opposites-whereas knowledge by acquaintance is monistic and does not admit such opposites. Russell goes on to specify the conditions for an adequate theory of truth and shows how the correspondence theory meets these conditions, whereas the coherence theory does not.
-Russell says that it is common for two rival hypotheses to both be able to account for all the facts.

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Definitions:

Organizational Size

This refers to the magnitude of an organization, typically measured by the number of its employees, the scale of its operations, or its market share.

Adhocracy

A flexible, adaptable, and informal organizational structure that is defined by a lack of rigid procedures, roles, and hierarchies, facilitating innovation and creativity.

Mutual Adjustment

A process of coordinating actions and decisions through informal communication and negotiation among parties.

Support Staff

Employees who provide administrative or technical support to an organization, enabling primary operations without being directly involved.