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In this reading Salmon explains the problem of induction raised by David Hume and examines several answers to it, including inductive, probabilistic, and pragmatic solutions.
-The problem of induction concerns whether we should use the principle of induction in science.
Standard Costing
A cost accounting system that assigns a fixed cost to inventory with the variance analyzed to improve cost control and management decisions.
Labour Efficiency Variance
The difference between the actual hours worked and the standard hours expected to be worked, multiplied by the standard labor rate.
Variable Overhead
Refers to the costs of production that fluctuate with the level of output, such as utilities and raw materials.
Labour Rate Variance
The difference between the actual cost of direct labor and the expected (or budgeted) cost.
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