In This Selection Ryle Criticizes Cartesian Dualism, Which He Labels

question 7

Multiple Choice

In this selection Ryle criticizes Cartesian dualism, which he labels "the Ghost in the Machine," as involving a category mistake. A category mistake is a confusion one slips into when something that belongs to one category or context is mistakenly taken to belong to another. Ryle argues that just because we speak of bodily functions and mental functions as different in no way entails that they are two entirely separate entities. Ryle believes that this functional language can be reduced to observation language.
-According to Ryle, underlying Descartes's view is the notion that what exists has either

• A) physical existence or mental existence.
• B) physical existence or material existence.
• C) mental existence or spiritual existence.
• D) complete existence or incomplete existence.

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Definitions:

Functional

Pertaining to the purposeful and practical use or action of something, often implying that it is designed based on its utility.

Cognitive

Pertaining to mental processes such as perception, memory, judgment, and reasoning.

Biological

refers to the processes and phenomena inherent to living organisms, encompassing their physical structure, biochemical processes, growth, and development.

Moral Standards

Moral Standards are principles of right and wrong behavior and the goodness or badness of human character.