In This Essay Pojman Makes a Case Against the Kind

question 13

Multiple Choice

In this essay Pojman makes a case against the kind of ethical egoism defended by such thinkers as Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Rand. Appealing to the paradox of egoism, he distinguishes between two levels of thinking about the self. On a higher (tier 2) level, a person legitimately concerns him- or herself with prospects for his or her happiness, but, in so reflecting, he or she rationally concludes that the best way to realize happiness on an everyday (tier 1) level is to develop a strong (nonegoistic) disposition toward altruism. Limited, reciprocal altruism offers us the best chance for happiness.
-According to Pojman, personal egoism is a description of

• A) a moral theory.
• B) a personality type.
• C) human nature.
• D) altruism.

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Definitions:

Demand For Labor

The total amount of workers that employers want to hire at a given wage rate and time period.

Opportunity Cost

The loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one option is chosen.

Accounting Profits

The difference between total revenue and explicit costs of a business, calculated using principles of accounting.

Economic Profits

The surplus left after total costs (including both explicit and implicit costs) are subtracted from total revenues.