In This Essay Pojman Makes a Case Against the Kind

question 4

Multiple Choice

In this essay Pojman makes a case against the kind of ethical egoism defended by such thinkers as Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Rand. Appealing to the paradox of egoism, he distinguishes between two levels of thinking about the self. On a higher (tier 2) level, a person legitimately concerns him- or herself with prospects for his or her happiness, but, in so reflecting, he or she rationally concludes that the best way to realize happiness on an everyday (tier 1) level is to develop a strong (nonegoistic) disposition toward altruism. Limited, reciprocal altruism offers us the best chance for happiness.
-According to Pojman, universal ethical egoism is the theory that everyone should always

• A) serve my best interest.
• B) be selfish.
• C) be egotistical.
• D) serve his or her own self-interest.

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Definitions:

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

A sleep disorder characterized by the acting out of dreams during the REM phase of sleep, often resulting in disruptive or violent behaviors.

Psychological Problems

Disorders or issues affecting mental health, leading to distress or impairment in daily functioning.

Night Terrors

A sleep disorder causing feelings of terror or dread, and is often accompanied by screaming, flailing, and sleepwalking, without the clear dreams of nightmares.

Nightmares

Disturbing dreams causing strong emotional responses from the sleeper, typically fear, horror, and anxiety.