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Russ Shafer-Landau Is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin-Madison

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Russ Shafer-Landau is professor of philosophy at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is the author, editor, or coeditor of several books including The Fundamentals of Ethics, fourth edition (2017) and The Ethical Life, fourth edition (2017). He is also the editor of Oxford Studies in Metaethics. In this reading he reviews some common criticisms of utilitarianism and argues that although some of them are less than decisive, others pose serious problems for the theory. Utilitarianism's most crippling shortcomings are its insistence that there is no intrinsic wrongness (or rightness) and its requirement that we must maximize well-being even if justice is thwarted.
-Some utilitarians claim that our deepest moral convictions reflect a utilitarian framework.

Understand the roles and responsibilities of project stakeholders, including project managers, sponsors, and quality managers.
Describe the Darnall-Preston Complexity Index (DPCI) and its categories and implications for project complexity.
Comprehend the phases of the project life cycle and the key activities performed in each phase.
Recognize the difference between commodities and specially designed items in the context of project management.

Definitions:

Confidentiality

Occurs when the researcher can make a connection between respondents and evidence but agrees not to do so.

Anonymity

Occurs when the researcher cannot make a connection between respondents and evidence.

Operationalization

Operationalization is the process of defining and measuring variables, concepts, or phenomena in order to make them quantifiable and testable within research studies.

Social Class Position

Social class position refers to an individual's or group's place within a hierarchical social structure, often determined by factors such as wealth, occupation, education, and power.

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