In Recent Decades a Few Social and Physical Scientists at Major

question 28

Essay

In recent decades a few social and physical scientists at major universities, such as Arthur Jensen at the University of California and Richard Herrnstein at Harvard University, have continued to argue that racial-group differences in average scores on the so-called "IQ" (intelligence quotient) tests reveal genetic differences in intelligence between whites and certain Americans of color. Discuss their work.

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Definitions:

Labeling Theory

A sociological theory that suggests the self-identity and behavior of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them.

David Rosenhan

A psychologist known for his influential study "On Being Sane in Insane Places," which challenged the validity of psychiatric diagnoses.

Pseudo-Patients

Individuals who simulate illness to study the treatment environment and practices within mental health institutions, notably in the Rosenhan experiment.

Differential Association

A theory in criminology suggesting that individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance.