On Critically Evaluating Inductive Arguments

question 194

Essay

On critically evaluating inductive arguments. Read the following arguments and carry out the instructions below.
-Arnold is fifty years old, one hundred pounds overweight, and eats a diet that includes lots of candy, ice cream, and cake. Helen, forty-six, is 108 pounds overweight, and eats a diet that includes lots of sweets. Arnold was just been diagnosed with clogged arteries. Therefore, Helen will probably get clogged arteries, too.
a. List several irrelevant dissimilarities that would have no bearing on the argument.
b. List several additional relevant similarities that would strengthen the argument.
c. Change the conclusion so that the argument is weaker.
d. Change the conclusion so that the argument is stronger.
e. Add a premise that makes the argument stronger.
f. Add a premise that makes the argument weaker.

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Definitions:

Cocktails

Mixed alcoholic drinks composed of spirits, water, sugar, and bitters, often garnished and served chilled.

Tropical Island

A landmass located in the tropics, characterized by warm climates, and surrounded by the sea, often considered paradisiacal.

Schema

Cognitive frameworks or concepts that help individuals organize and interpret information, based on experiences and prior knowledge.

Sidewalk

A paved path for pedestrians at the side of a road.