A Researcher Compared the Bone Density of a Group of 40-Year-Old

question 3

Multiple Choice

A researcher compared the bone density of a group of 40-year-old women to a group of 65-year-old women and found a significant difference. This is an example of which type of effect?

• A) age effect
• B) cohort effect
• C) time of measurement effect
• D) cross-sectional effect

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Definitions:

Reproductively Altruistic

Behavior by an individual that reduces its own reproductive success while boosting the reproductive success of others.

Evolutionary Trade-Off

Situations in which one trait is favored by natural selection, but at the expense of another trait, often due to resource limitations.

Learning Imposes

The process by which acquiring new, or modifying existing, knowledge or behaviors involves certain constraints or requirements.

Sustainable Development

Meets the needs of the present without hurting future generations.