Which of the Following Links Employees in All Directions, Ranging

question 99

Multiple Choice

Which of the following links employees in all directions, ranging from the president through middle management, support staff, and line employees?

• A) Management by wandering around
• B) Vertical communication
• C) Diagonal communication
• D) The grapevine
• E) Upward communication

---

Definitions:

Corporation By Estoppel

Corporation by estoppel is a legal doctrine preventing someone from denying a business's corporate status when they have treated it as a corporation in previous transactions.

Novation

In a contract, the substitution of a third party for one of the original parties. The duties remain the same under the contract, but one original party is discharged and the third party takes that original party’s place.

Implied Corporate Powers

Powers not explicitly stated in a corporation's charter or bylaws but are necessary to conduct the day-to-day operations.

Role Clarity

The extent to which an employee understands their job responsibilities, duties, and expectations.