Proton Pumps Are Used in Various Ways by Members of Every

question 69

Multiple Choice

Proton pumps are used in various ways by members of every domain of organisms: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. What does this most probably mean?

• A) Proton pumps must have evolved before any living organisms were present on Earth.
• B) Proton gradients across a membrane were used by cells that were the common ancestor of all three domains of life.
• C) The high concentration of protons in the ancient atmosphere must have necessitated a pump mechanism.
• D) Cells of each domain evolved proton pumps independently when oceans became more acidic.
• E) Proton pumps are necessary to all cell membranes.

Grasp the calculation and interpretation of effect size in research studies.

Identify conditions under which a t-test for independent samples is used.

Interpret complex statistical notation in research findings.

Understand the computation methods for effect size.

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