Use the Following Pedigree (Figure 14

question 57

Multiple Choice

Use the following pedigree (Figure 14.3) for a family in which dark-shaded symbols represent individuals with one of the two major types of colon cancer. Numbers under the symbols are the individual's age at the time of diagnosis.

Figure 14.3
-In each generation of this family after generation I, the age at diagnosis is significantly lower than would be found in nonfamilial (sporadic) cases of this cancer (~ 63 years) . What is the most likely reason?

• A) Members of this family know to be checked for colon cancer early in life.
• B) Hereditary (or familial) cases of this cancer typically occur at earlier ages than do nonfamilial forms.
• C) This is pure chance; it would not be expected if you were to look at a different family.
• D) This cancer requires mutations in more than this one gene.
• E) Affected members of this family are born with colon cancer, and it can be detected whenever they are first tested.

---

Definitions:

Continental System

An economic blockade imposed by Napoleon between 1806 and 1814, aiming to weaken Britain by prohibiting European countries from trading with it.

Continental Markets

Markets that are primarily located on the European continent, often used in contrast with the British or other island markets.

Britain's Economy

Refers to the economic system and performance of the United Kingdom, characterized by its service sector, manufacturing, and international trade.

Revolutionary Period

A time of significant political and social upheaval, often characterized by the overthrow of established systems of government and the establishment of new, radical changes.