Use the Following Information to Answer the Questions Below

question 32

Multiple Choice

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
A few decades ago, Knudsen and colleagues proposed a theory that, for a normal cell to become a cancer cell, a minimum of two genetic changes had to occur in that cell. Knudsen was studying retinoblastoma, a childhood cancer of the eye.
-Knudsen and colleagues also noted that persons with hereditary retinoblastoma that had been treated successfully lived on but then had a higher frequency of developing osteosarcomas (bone cancers) later in life. This provided further evidence of their theory because

• A)osteosarcoma cells express the same genes as retinal cells.
• B)p53 gene mutations are common to both tumours.
• C)both kinds of cancer involve overproliferation of cells.
• D)one of the mutations involved in retinoblastoma is also one of the changes involved in osteosarcoma.
• E)retinoblastoma is a prerequisite for the formation of osteosarcoma later in life.

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Definitions:

Factory Overhead

Factory overhead encompasses all indirect costs involved in manufacturing a product, including utility expenses, maintenance of equipment, and salaries of indirect labor.

Direct Materials

Direct materials are raw materials that are directly used in the manufacturing process of a product and are easily identifiable and measurable.

Cost of Goods Manufactured

Refers to the total production cost incurred by a company to manufacture products in a specific period, including materials, labor, and overhead costs.

Factory Overhead

All manufacturing-related costs excluding those for direct labor and direct materials.