The Difference Between Vertical and Horizontal Transmission of Plant Viruses

question 15

Multiple Choice

The difference between vertical and horizontal transmission of plant viruses is that

• A) vertical transmission is transmission of a virus from a parent plant to its progeny, and horizontal transmission is one plant spreading the virus to another plant.
• B) vertical transmission is the spread of viruses from upper leaves to lower leaves of the plant, and horizontal transmission is the spread of a virus among leaves at the same general level.
• C) vertical transmission is the spread of viruses from trees and tall plants to bushes and other smaller plants, and horizontal transmission is the spread of viruses among plants of similar size.
• D) vertical transmission is the transfer of DNA from one type of plant virus to another, and horizontal transmission is the exchange of DNA between two plant viruses of the same type.
• E) vertical transmission is the transfer of DNA from a plant of one species to a plant of a different species, and horizontal transmission is the spread of viruses among plants of the same species.

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Definitions:

Opportunity Cost

The loss incurred from potential opportunities when one choice is made over others.

Absolute Advantage

A condition where a country, entity, or individual can produce a good or service more efficiently than competitors using the same amount of resources.

Comparative Advantage

The ability of an individual, firm, or country to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost compared to others.

Minutes

Units of time equal to one-sixtieth of an hour or 60 seconds, often used to measure the duration of events or periods of time.