The Next Few Questions Refer to the Following Description

question 65

Multiple Choice

The next few questions refer to the following description:
Fossil evidence suggests that polar bears, Ursus maritimus, arose from grizzly bears, Ursus arctos. On average, polar bears are slightly larger than grizzly bears in size and weight. The morphological features/adaptations of polar bears make them well suited to survival in a marine environment. Interbreeding and production of fertile offspring between the two species has been recorded in captivity, and more recently in the wild.
-The biological species concept emphasized the absence of gene flow. Which alternative species concept(s) is(are) applicable to explaining the hybridization between grizzly and polar bears?

• A)the morphological species concept, since it puts emphasis on similarities between the two species
• B)the ecological species concept, as it addresses organisms' adaptations to changing environmental conditions
• C)the allopatric species concept, since it emphasizes geographical barriers
• D)A, B, and C
• E)all except C

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Definitions:

Indirect Aggression

Any behavior that intentionally harms another person who is physically absent.

Aggression

Behaviors or attitudes that are hostile, forceful, or attacking, often with the aim of dominating or causing harm to others.

Hostile Aggression

Aggression stemming from feelings of anger and aimed at inflicting pain or injury on others, often as an end in itself rather than a means to an end.

Humiliates

The act of making someone feel ashamed or demeaned through actions or words.