The Following Questions Refer to the Description Below

question 69

Multiple Choice

The following questions refer to the description below.
You are taking an art class and your instructor asks you to draw several animals, including a shark, a dolphin, and a penguin. As you draw these animals you notice that they all have a fusiform shape; in other words, they are tapered at both ends. Despite their similar shape, you are well aware that the shark is a fish, the dolphin is a mammal, and the penguin is a bird.
-What is the best explanation for the similarities and differences in these three species?

• A)There is some homology and some analogy in all living organisms.
• B)The animals all share a very distant common ancestor.
• C)You are seeing an example of convergent evolution: the evolution of similar traits in distantly related organisms due to adaptations to similar environments.
• D)You are seeing an example of homology: the evolution of similar function in distantly related organisms due to adaptations to similar environments.
• E)You are seeing an example of analogy: the evolution of modified traits in related organisms.

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Definitions:

Working Memory

A combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow individuals to hold information temporarily as they perform cognitive tasks; a kind of mental workbench on which the brain manipulates and assembles information to guide understanding, decision making, and problem solving.

Explicit Memory

The conscious recall of facts and experiences that one can consciously declare or "declare."

Semantic Memory

A type of long-term memory involving the capacity to recall words, concepts, or numbers, which is essential for the use and understanding of language.

Working Memory

A cognitive system with a limited capacity that is responsible for temporarily holding information available for processing.