The Following Questions Refer to Figure 27.1

question 63

Multiple Choice

The following questions refer to Figure 27.1.
In this eight-year experiment, 12 populations of E. coli, each begun from a single cell, were grown in low-glucose conditions for 20,000 generations. Each culture was introduced to fresh growth medium every 24 hours. Occasionally, samples were removed from the populations, and their fitness in low-glucose conditions was tested against that of members sampled from the ancestral (common ancestor) E. coli population.

Figure 27.1
-If the experimental population of E. coli lacks an F factor or F plasmid, and if bacteriophages are excluded from the bacterial cultures, then which of these is (are) means by which beneficial mutations might be transmitted horizontally to other E. coli cells?

• A) via sex pili
• B) via transduction
• C) via conjugation
• D) via transformation
• E) Two of the responses above are correct.

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Definitions:

Creditors

Individuals or entities to whom money is owed by another individual or entity, typically due to a loan or credit arrangement.

Bond Discount

The difference between the face value of a bond and its selling price, when the bond is sold for less than its face value.

Straight-Line Method

A depreciation method where an asset's cost is uniformly allocated over its useful life, resulting in equal depreciation expenses each accounting period.

Double-Declining-Balance

An accelerated method of depreciation which doubles the rate at which an asset’s book value depreciates compared to traditional straight-line depreciation, resulting in larger deductions in the early years of an asset’s life.