If Haustoria from the Fungal Partner Were to Appear Within

question 8

Multiple Choice

If haustoria from the fungal partner were to appear within the photosynthetic partner of a lichen, and if the growth rate of the photosynthetic partner consequently slowed substantially, then this would support the claim that

• A) algae and cyanobacteria are autotrophic.
• B) lichens are not purely mutualistic relationships.
• C) algae require maximal contact with the fungal partner in order to grow at optimal rates.
• D) fungi get all of the nutrition they need via the "leakiness" of photosynthetic partners.
• E) soredia are asexual reproductive structures combining both the fungal and photosynthetic partners.

Understand the basic concepts and types of artificial intelligence (AI) including its applications.

Identify common technologies and methodologies used in the creation and function of AI systems.

Recognize various forms of electronic communication and their implications, including spam and social media bots.

Appreciate the ethical considerations and societal impacts of technology use, including privacy concerns and moral behavior online.

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Definitions:

Germ Layers

The three primary layers of cells (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) in the early embryo that give rise to all organs and tissues in the body.

Embryonic Disk

Point in the inner cell mass at which the embryo begins to be formed.

Ectoderm

Outermost of the three germ layers of an embryo.

Mesoderm

The middle layer of an embryo in early development, which gives rise to muscles, bones, and the circulatory system.