According to Bottom-Up and Top-Down Control Models of Community Organization

question 50

Multiple Choice

According to bottom-up and top-down control models of community organization, which of the following expressions would imply that an increase in the size of a carnivore (C) population would negatively impact on its prey (P) population, but not vice versa?

• A) P ← C
• B) P → C
• C) C ↔ P
• D) P ← C → P
• E) C ← P →

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Definitions:

Negative Instrumentality

The perception that effort will not lead to the desired performance or reward outcomes.

Expectancy Theory

A hypothesis in motivational theory stating that the strength of an individual's motivation to perform a particular action is determined by their expectation that the action will lead to a specific outcome and the value they place on that outcome.

Required Task

The responsibilities and duties assigned to an employee as part of their job role.

Organizational Justice

The perception of fairness within an organization, influencing employee satisfaction, motivation, and productivity.