For Most Terrestrial Ecosystems, Pyramids of Numbers, Biomass, and Energy

question 44

Multiple Choice

For most terrestrial ecosystems, pyramids of numbers, biomass, and energy are essentially the same-they have a broad base and a narrow top. The primary reason for this pattern is that

• A) secondary consumers and top carnivores require less energy than producers.
• B) at each step, energy is lost from the system as a result of keeping the organisms alive.
• C) as matter passes through ecosystems, some of it is lost to the environment.
• D) biomagnification of toxic materials limits the secondary consumers and top carnivores.
• E) top carnivores and secondary consumers have a more general diet than primary producers.

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