In Plants, What Are Embolisms

question 52

Multiple Choice

In plants, what are embolisms?

• A) toxic acids produced when stomata are closed and it's sunny
• B) formations of ice crystals when a plant is subjected to below-freezing temperatures
• C) hormones that result in apical dominance
• D) air bubbles that form within xylem

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Definitions:

Weakens

To diminish in strength, effectiveness, or power.

Primary Reinforcement

A stimulus that satisfies a basic biological need and inherently reinforces a behavior, such as food for hunger.

Continuous Reinforcement

A schedule of reinforcement in which every correct response is reinforced, leading to rapid learning but also rapid extinction of the behavior once reinforcement ceases.

Secondary Reinforcement

A process wherein a stimulus reinforces a behavior because it is associated with a primary reinforcer (e.g., praise that becomes rewarding because it is linked to receiving a physical reward).